Portugal Entrepreneur Visa (D2)
The D2 route for founders, investors and independent professionals — and the 2024-2025 rewrite of Article 89 that makes most published D2 advice wrong.
Last verified: July 2026
This guide covers the entrepreneur route — what almost everyone calls the D2 — and the two things it actually is under Portuguese law: a residence visa for independent professional activity or for immigrant entrepreneurs, and the AIMA residence permit that follows it under Article 89 of the immigration law (Lei n.º 23/2007).
Article 89 has two live limbs and they are not the same route:
- Article 89(1) — a residence permit for independent professional activity. The freelancer, the sole trader, the founder who has incorporated a company in Portugal and works in it.
- Article 89(4) — the immigrant entrepreneur permit. Since 23 October 2025 its text requires the project to be integrated into a certified incubator. At permit stage, that limb is now effectively the Startup Visa.
It doesn't cover employees with a Portuguese employer (the Work Residence (D1) route), remote workers earning from abroad (the Digital Nomad Visa (D8)), people living on pensions, rent or dividends (the Passive Income (D7) route), highly qualified employment (the Highly Qualified Activity (D3) route), researchers (the Researcher Residence route), students (the Student Residence (D4) route), CPLP nationals using the CPLP regime (the CPLP Residence route), family reunification (the Family Reunification route), or the Golden Visa / ARI, which is an investment route under a different article. EU/EEA/Swiss citizens don't use this route at all. If you're not sure this is yours, start with Which Immigration Route Is Right for You?.
At a glance
- Route: residence visa for independent professional activity / immigrant entrepreneur → travel → AIMA residence permit under Article 89(1) or Article 89(4)
- Who uses it: non-EU/EEA/Swiss nationals who will work for themselves in Portugal — founders, freelancers with Portuguese clients, people buying into or building a business here
- The money test: there is no legally-fixed minimum investment. You declare the investment's nature, value and duration, and evidence either the investment already made or funds available in Portugal. Separately you must show means of subsistence, indexed to the minimum wage (€920/month in 2026)
- Startup Visa (Article 89(4)) bank balance: 12 × IAS, updated every year. With IAS 2026 at €537.13, that is €6,445.56 per entrepreneur
- Visa fee: €110 for any national visa (Portaria n.º 91/2025/1, in force since 11 March 2025). gov.pt's own D2 page still prints €90 — see Fees
- Official visa decision period: 60 days. Startup Visa (IAPMEI) decision: 30 working days
- Permit validity: 2 years, renewable for successive 3-year periods (both limbs of Article 89)
- Lawyer required? No — but this is the route where a bad structure is hardest to unwind later
- Family? Yes, through family reunification — and D2 holders are not exempt from the 2-year waiting period
- Counts toward PR / citizenship? Yes, as legal residence — permanent residence at 5 years; citizenship at 7 or 10, depending on nationality
- Main authorities: the Portuguese consulate / visa centre before travel; AIMA after arrival; IAPMEI if you go the certified-incubator way
Is this route for you?
Use this route if all of these are true:
- You are not a citizen of an EU Member State, the EEA or Switzerland.
- Your main purpose in Portugal is working for yourself — running a business, practising a profession independently, or founding a company here.
- You will actually live in Portugal. This is a residence route with presence expectations, not a way to hold a Portuguese title while living somewhere else.
- You are applying from the country where you legally reside.
Use another guide if you have a Portuguese employer (the Work Residence (D1) route), your income is remote work for clients or an employer outside Portugal with no Portuguese connection (the Digital Nomad Visa (D8) — this is the single most common mis-filing on the D2), your income is passive (the Passive Income (D7) route), your job is highly qualified and someone is hiring you (the Highly Qualified Activity (D3) route, which has a materially better family timeline), or your plan is a capital investment with minimal residence (that is the Golden Visa / ARI, a different article).
One-minute summary
You choose which limb of Article 89 you are on. You apply outside Portugal for the residence visa at the consulate or visa centre responsible for where you legally live. If your project runs through a certified incubator, you first get an IAPMEI decision and carry it into the visa file. The visa is issued for two entries and four months; you travel, attend an AIMA appointment, and receive a residence permit valid for 2 years, renewable for 3-year periods.
The visa stage and the AIMA stage are two different files, assessed by two different authorities, against two overlapping but non-identical lists.
Why most published D2 advice is wrong
This is the most important section in this guide, and it is a chronology.
Before 4 June 2024, Article 89 had four working paragraphs, including 89(2) — which let a person already in Portugal apply for the permit without a prior residence visa — and 89(4), the immigrant entrepreneur permit, with no incubator condition attached.
On 4 June 2024, Decreto-Lei n.º 37-A/2024 abolished the *manifestação de interesse* regime. In the same act it revoked Article 88(2) and Article 89(2) — the two "regularise from inside Portugal" doors — and it revoked Article 89(4) as well. From that day, the immigrant-entrepreneur permit simply did not exist. Anything written between June 2024 and October 2025 that describes an entrepreneur permit under 89(4) was describing a provision that had been deleted.
On 23 October 2025, Lei n.º 61/2025 came into force and re-enacted Article 89(4) — narrower. The re-enacted text requires the entrepreneurial project to be integrated into a certified incubator. So the permit came back, but only for projects that go through the incubator system. In practice, at permit stage, Article 89(4) is now the Startup Visa.
Three consequences, and you should hold all three at once:
- Any D2 guide written before June 2024 describes an entrepreneur permit that is now conditioned on an incubator. It is wrong in one direction.
- Any D2 guide written between June 2024 and October 2025 describes a permit that did not exist, or a route that had just been closed. It is wrong in the other direction.
- Any guide telling you that you can enter as a tourist and regularise as an entrepreneur is describing Article 89(2), which has been revoked since 4 June 2024. Do not build a plan on it.
*Legal Interpretation.* Article 89(1) — independent professional activity — was never revoked and is alive throughout. It is the quiet, stable limb of this route, and for a founder who actually incorporates a company in Portugal it is very often the one that works.
An unresolved question — and we are not going to pretend otherwise
Here is a real gap, and you deserve to see it rather than a confident answer.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs still operates an entrepreneur sub-route at the visa stage, in which the applicant supports the application with a declaration of the investment — its nature, value and duration — and evidence of the investment made or of funds available in Portugal. Nothing in that visa list mentions an incubator.
The re-enacted Article 89(4) — the *permit* you would need after you arrive — requires a certified incubator.
Whether that visa converts into that permit is unresolved. We could not find a primary source that reconciles the two. We are not going to guess, because a wrong guess here costs someone a move.
*Practical Advice.* What we can say is the workaround, and it is a real one. A founder who incorporates a company in Portugal and works in it is exercising independent professional activity — and AIMA's own Article 89(1) list expressly accepts a *certidão permanente* (the company's permanent commercial-registry certificate) as the evidence of the activity. That is a published, documented path. If your project is not going through a certified incubator, plan the Article 89(1) file, and ask your consulate — in writing — which permit article it expects your visa to lead to. Keep the answer.
The three shapes this route actually takes
Independent professional (freelancer, sole trader)
You practise a profession for your own account. *Official Requirement.* AIMA's Article 89(1) list accepts a services contract, or company incorporation evidenced by a *certidão permanente*, or recent receipts (*recibos*) showing the activity — plus proof that you have opened your activity (*início de atividade*) with the tax authority and Social Security.
The trap: if your clients are all abroad and none of your work touches Portugal, you are describing the **Digital Nomad Visa (D8)**, not this route. Do not force a D2 because you failed a D8 income test.
Founder who incorporates
You create a Portuguese company and work in it. The company's *certidão permanente* is the anchor document, and you route through Article 89(1).
*Official Requirement.* You do not need to have registered the company before you apply for the visa. The visa stage accepts a written proposal of a services contract as an alternative to a *contrato de sociedade*. The idea that the company must exist first is a market belief, not a legal one.
Certified-incubator project (the Startup Visa)
Your project is admitted by an incubator certified by IAPMEI. This is what the re-enacted Article 89(4) now describes.
*Official Requirement.* IAPMEI certifies the incubators; certification applications run at the end of each civil year and a certification is valid for one year (Portaria n.º 344/2017, art. 3.º). The IAPMEI decision on a Startup Visa application is given within 30 working days. The Startup Visa expressly admits applicants who have not incorporated a company — IAPMEI's own process flow puts company creation *after* the visa and the incubation agreement, not before.
*Official Requirement.* The Startup Visa asks each entrepreneur to hold a bank balance equal to 12 × IAS (*Indexante dos Apoios Sociais*), a figure that is updated every year. With IAS 2026 = €537.13, that is €6,445.56 per entrepreneur.
The €5,146.80 you will see everywhere is stale. It is 12 × the 2018 IAS. It is still printed on Startup Portugal's page and in IAPMEI's own FAQ, which is exactly why it keeps propagating. Learn the rule (12 × IAS, re-indexed annually), then apply the current IAS. And do not cross the wires: the Startup Visa balance uses IAS; means of subsistence uses the minimum wage, RMMG, which is a different index at a different value (€920 in 2026).
The money: what is actually required, and what is invented
There is no minimum investment. None.
*Official Requirement.* Nothing in Lei n.º 23/2007, nothing published by AIMA and nothing published by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs fixes a minimum investment for this route. Not €5,000, not €50,000, not any number.
The "€5,000 minimum" that is repeated across immigration blogs, law-firm landing pages and relocation forums is invented. Nobody can cite it, because there is nothing to cite. Anyone quoting you a minimum investment for the D2 is quoting a blog, and you should ask them for the article and the paragraph. They will not have one.
What the entrepreneur visa actually asks is that you declare the investment: its nature, value and duration. And that you evidence either an investment already made, or funds available in Portugal to make it. That is a disclosure test, not a threshold test. A modest, real, well-evidenced €15,000 project passes a test that a vague €200,000 intention fails.
*Practical Advice.* A common secondary confusion: the share capital of a Portuguese *Sociedade Unipessoal Lda* can legally be as little as €1. Figures like €5,000 are a market norm some accountants recommend for credibility with banks and suppliers. They are not an immigration requirement and not a legal floor. Do not move money to hit a number that does not exist.
Means of subsistence
*Official Requirement.* Separately from the business, you must show you can support yourself. The scale is set by Portaria n.º 1563/2007 and is indexed to the guaranteed monthly minimum wage (RMMG), which is €920 in 2026 (Decreto-Lei n.º 139/2025): 100% for the first adult, 50% for each further adult, 30% for each child or dependent adult child. The Portaria re-indexes automatically every year with the wage, so the figures move on 1 January.
AIMA's own means-of-subsistence page is stale. It still cites 2025 legislation and €870. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs page is current at €920. If a counter or a checklist quotes you €870, that is last year's number — bring the current one.
Business plan
*Observed Practice.* A business plan is not an official requirement. Neither AIMA's list nor the Ministry's visa list includes one. We have checked, and it is not there.
Consulates ask for one anyway, routinely, and a thin file gets refused. So write one — but write it knowing what it is: evidence supporting the declaration you are legally required to make about the investment's nature, value and duration, and evidence that your project is real. It is the strongest thing you can put in a discretionary file. It is still not a line on an official list, and any guide that presents it as an "Official Requirement" is telling you something it cannot source.
*Best Practice.* What makes a plan work is that it is unmistakably yours: real numbers, a real market, real evidence that someone wants this, an honest funding line for the months before revenue, and a clear answer to "why Portugal". A downloaded template that could describe any business anywhere is read as what it is.
The complete process
Step 1 — Decide which limb of Article 89 you are on
Certified incubator, or independent professional activity. This decision drives the whole file, and it is very hard to change once submitted.
Step 2 — If it's the incubator route, go to IAPMEI first
Apply to the Startup Visa programme, secure admission by an IAPMEI-certified incubator, and get the IAPMEI decision (30 working days). The declaration you receive then goes into the visa file. Check that the incubator's certification is currently valid — certification lasts one year and is renewed at the end of the civil year.
Step 3 — Get a NIF, and expect to need a bank account
*Observed Practice.* Neither the NIF nor a Portuguese bank account is an item on the visa list, strictly. In practice you cannot evidence "funds available in Portugal", or open your activity with the tax authority, without them. A NIF can be obtained remotely through a tax representative. Bank accounts for non-residents vary by bank; start early.
Step 4 — Build the file
The declaration of investment, the evidence behind it, the business plan (see above), the personal documents, and the accommodation and insurance evidence. See Documents below.
Step 5 — Apply at the consulate or visa centre
Apply at the Portuguese consular post — or its authorised visa centre — responsible for where you legally reside. The fee is €110 and the official decision period for a residence visa is 60 days.
*Observed Practice.* 60 days is the official service timeframe, not a promise. Requests for extra evidence, security checks and procedural suspensions all move the real date. Do not sign a lease, book a shipping container or resign a job against a 60-day assumption.
Step 6 — Check the visa, and find the AIMA appointment
The residence visa is normally issued for two entries and four months. Before you fly: check your name and passport number, check the dates and the number of entries, and open the appointment link printed on the visa sticker — the Ministry normally creates the AIMA appointment when it issues the visa. Save it as a PDF. If the link does not work, use AIMA's contact form and select the residence-permit topic.
Step 7 — Travel, open your activity, attend AIMA
Bring originals. Nothing you gave the consulate is guaranteed to be at AIMA, or still current. Open your activity (*início de atividade*) with the tax authority and register with Social Security where the route requires it, and bring the proof. At the appointment your identity and originals are checked, biometrics are taken, you pay AIMA's charges, and the file is analysed against the legal conditions.
The permit, if granted, is valid for 2 years and renewable for successive 3-year periods.
Documents
Every item below exists for a reason. Understanding the reason is what stops the file being refused.
The declaration of investment. *Official Requirement.* You declare the investment's nature, value and duration. This is the legally distinctive document of the entrepreneur visa and it is the one applicants treat most casually. It is a statement you are making to a State — make it accurate, make it something you can evidence, and make sure it matches every other number in the file.
Evidence of the investment or of funds available in Portugal. *Official Requirement.* Either the investment already made (transfers, contracts, purchase deeds, the company's accounts) or funds you can actually reach in Portugal. "I have savings abroad" is weaker than "here is the account, here is the balance, here is my access to it".
Company evidence, or a services contract, or a written proposal. *Official Requirement.* At the visa stage a written proposal of a services contract is accepted as an alternative to a *contrato de sociedade*. At the AIMA stage, the Article 89(1) list accepts a certidão permanente, a services contract, or recent receipts — plus proof of *início de atividade* with Tax and Social Security. The common mistake is assuming you must incorporate before applying. You need not.
Business plan. *Observed Practice / Best Practice.* Not on any official list. Asked for in practice by most consulates. Write it; label it correctly in your own head.
Criminal-record certificate. *Official Requirement.* From your country of nationality, or a country where you have lived for more than one year — that is an OR, not an AND. Under-16s are exempt. Neither AIMA nor the Ministry publishes any validity window for it — the "90 days" you will read everywhere is consular practice, not a published rule. Get one issued within about three months to be safe. You also sign an authorisation for the Portuguese authorities to consult the Portuguese criminal record.
Translation and legalisation. *Official Requirement.* Documents in English, French or Spanish need no translation (art. 49.º/8 of the Código do Registo Civil). Documents issued in an EU Member State need no apostille or legalisation at all (Regulation (EU) 2016/1191). Everything else: apostille if the issuing country is a Hague signatory, consular legalisation if not. Most people over-translate and over-legalise, and pay for it twice.
Accommodation. *Official Requirement.* AIMA's lists require a sworn declaration of your address in Portugal stating the legal basis on which you occupy it, plus either a land-registry certificate (*certidão de registo predial*, if you own or hold usufruct) or a declaration from the landlord or hosting entity identifying that basis. AIMA's list does not require a 12-month lease registered with Finanças. It does not mention a lease term at all, and "Modelo 2" — which is the landlord's stamp-duty form filed with the tax authority — is not an immigration document. Consulates asking for a lease at the visa stage is a separate, practice-level matter; do not confuse the two.
Insurance. *Official Requirement.* The national residence-visa list requires travel insurance covering urgent medical assistance and possible repatriation — with no sum insured specified.
Do not buy insurance against the €30,000 figure. €30,000 is the minimum for a Schengen short-stay visa. It is a different visa category and citing it here is a category error that is repeated in most D2 guides. Buy cover that meets the national-visa description, not a short-stay number. Note too that the insurance requirement can be waived under bilateral agreements — notably Brazil (PB4) and the UK (S1).
Passport, photographs, the form. A passport with adequate remaining validity and blank pages; recent passport photographs to the post's specification; the national-visa application form.
Fees
*Official Requirement.* The national residence visa costs €110. That is set by Portaria n.º 91/2025/1, article 15.º/4, and has been in force since 11 March 2025. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs publishes it and the consular posts are who charge it.
gov.pt's own D2 page still prints €90 — and carries an "updated 16.04.2026" stamp while doing so. It is stale. This is not a small thing: it is a live illustration of why we verify every number against the instrument that sets it rather than the portal that reports it. Where gov.pt and the Ministry disagree, the Portaria is the law and the Ministry is who takes the payment. If a post quotes you €90, ask; do not assume.
AIMA's charges are a separate table, which was re-indexed on 1 March 2026. As a shape: reception and analysis of a temporary residence permit is €133.00, and the permit title itself €114.30 — roughly €247 all in, reduced by 25% through the digital channel (about €186). There is no separate card fee; the charge covers the forms and the title.
Both tables change. The AIMA table re-indexes every year in March and the Ministry's fee table changes by Portaria. Check the current table immediately before you pay rather than trusting any total, including this one.
How long does it take?
- IAPMEI decision on a Startup Visa application: 30 working days. *Official.*
- Residence-visa decision: 60 days. *Official* — a service timeframe, not a guarantee.
- AIMA appointment to card: we do not publish a number. AIMA does not publish a dependable nationwide average, and we will not invent one from anecdotes. *Treat every figure you read elsewhere as observed practice at best.*
Common mistakes
- Believing there is a minimum investment. There is not, and chasing an imaginary threshold has cost people real money.
- Quoting the €5,146.80 Startup Visa balance from a page that has not been updated since 2018, instead of computing 12 × the current IAS.
- Crossing the two indices — using IAS for means of subsistence, or RMMG for the Startup Visa balance. They are different numbers for different tests.
- Incorporating a company before checking whether you needed to. A written proposal of a services contract is accepted at the visa stage.
- Building a plan on Article 89(2) — entering as a tourist and regularising. Revoked 4 June 2024.
- Relying on an entrepreneur guide written before June 2024, or between June 2024 and October 2025. Check the date on anything you read about this route, including this page.
- Filing a D2 when the real activity is remote work for foreign clients. That is the D8, and the mismatch shows.
- Treating the business plan as a legal requirement (it isn't) or as optional (it effectively isn't either).
- Buying €30,000 health cover for a national visa. Wrong category.
- Chasing a 12-month registered lease that AIMA's list never asked for.
- Assuming the D2 gives family the fast track. It does not — see below.
- Assuming company registration alone creates immigration rights. It does not.
Family: read this before you plan around it
*Official Requirement.* D2 holders are not exempt from the two-year family-reunification waiting period. Article 98.º/1 requires the sponsor to hold a residence permit that has been valid for at least two years, and the exemption list in Article 98.º/3(c) names only holders under Article 90.º (highly qualified, teaching, cultural), Article 90.º-A (ARI) and Article 121.º-A (EU Blue Card). Article 89 is absent from that list.
This is worth pausing on. Two people with similar skills can take different routes and get different family timelines. If bringing your family quickly is the priority and you have — or could get — a qualifying job offer, the Highly Qualified Activity (D3) route is on the exemption list and this one is not. That is a route-choice decision, and it is much cheaper to make now than to discover later. See Family Reunification.
Are you still legal — and can you travel?
The residence visa gives you a short window — normally two entries and four months — to enter Portugal and complete the permit procedure. Count the exact dates printed on it.
*Official Requirement.* A pending AIMA appointment is not status, and a receipt is not a travel document. AIMA states this in terms: *the receipt proving the request for a residence permit is not a travel document.* Do not plan a trip against one.
Once you hold the permit, your movement in the Schengen Area follows the Schengen Borders Code. We deliberately do not print a "90 days in any 180" promise for permit holders: no Portuguese official page states that rule for residence-permit holders, and at least one Portuguese consular post states flatly that a national visa does not permit entry to other Schengen States. Check before you book, and do not treat this route as a travel pass.
AIMA appointments are free. Never pay an intermediary for a "guaranteed slot" — there is no such product. This route attracts two further scams specifically. The first is template business plans sold as "approved" or "pre-vetted"; no such approval exists. The second is worse: "consultants" offering shell companies or fabricated service contracts to prop up a file. A company with no real activity, or a contract for services that will never be performed, is not a shortcut — it is grounds for refusal, and it can carry criminal liability. If someone offers to manufacture your evidence, walk away.
If something goes wrong
- The consulate asks for a business plan you were told wasn't required. Both things are true: it is not on the official list, and the post is asking. Give them one. Argue the point later, not in a live application.
- The incubator's certification expires mid-process. Certification is valid for one year. Ask the incubator in writing for its current certification status and renewal timing before you commit.
- The business changes direction after the permit is granted. Your permit rests on the activity you presented. Document the change, and at renewal be ready to show the activity is real and ongoing. Take advice before pivoting into something that no longer resembles what you filed.
- AIMA asks for more documents. Read the request, note the deadline, send exactly what is asked, and keep proof of sending.
- The application is refused. Read the written grounds and the deadline. A refusal for a missing document is a different animal from a refusal holding that your project is not credible. The first is fixable with paper. The second means rebuilding the case.
For a refusal you want to challenge, a disputed assessment of your project, a file stuck past a legal deadline, or any question that turns on how Article 89(4) reads after the 2025 re-enactment — that is a lawyer's job.
Frequently asked questions
How much do I have to invest?
There is no legally-fixed minimum. Nothing in the law, at AIMA or at the Ministry sets one. You declare the investment's nature, value and duration and evidence it. Anyone quoting you a minimum is quoting a blog.
Where does the "€5,000 minimum" come from, then?
Nowhere official. It circulates because it is repeated, and it is repeated because it circulates. It is sometimes a garbled version of the share capital figure an accountant might suggest for a small Lda — which is a market norm, not a legal floor, and not an immigration requirement.
Do I need to register the company before applying?
No. The visa stage accepts a written proposal of a services contract as an alternative to a *contrato de sociedade*, and the Startup Visa expressly admits applicants who have not incorporated — IAPMEI's own process puts company creation after the visa and the incubation agreement.
Is a business plan required?
Not officially. It is on no AIMA or Ministry list. Consulates ask for one in practice, and a weak file is refused, so write a good one — but know that it is best practice, not law.
What is the Startup Visa bank balance in 2026?
The rule is 12 × IAS, re-indexed every year. IAS 2026 is €537.13, so the figure is €6,445.56 per entrepreneur. The €5,146.80 you will see on many pages — including official ones — is 12 × the 2018 IAS and is stale.
Is the Startup Visa the same as the D2?
They have converged at permit stage. Since 23 October 2025 the re-enacted Article 89(4) — the immigrant-entrepreneur permit — requires the project to be integrated into a certified incubator, which is the Startup Visa mechanism. Article 89(1), independent professional activity, is separate and needs no incubator.
Can I still get an entrepreneur permit without an incubator?
Honestly: we don't know, and we are not going to pretend we do. The Ministry still offers an entrepreneur *visa* sub-route based on an investment declaration, but the re-enacted Article 89(4) *permit* demands a certified incubator, and no source we could find reconciles the two. What is documented is that a founder who incorporates can route through Article 89(1), whose AIMA list expressly accepts a *certidão permanente*. Ask your consulate, in writing, which permit article it expects your visa to lead to.
Can I apply from inside Portugal?
Don't rely on it. The old Article 89(2) — which allowed exactly that — was revoked on 4 June 2024, in the same act that abolished the *manifestação de interesse* and Article 88(2).
Can I buy an existing business instead of starting one?
Acquiring or expanding a business is a normal form of the investment you declare. Evidence its nature, value and duration like any other, and be ready to show the target is real.
Is the D2 right for freelancers?
Yes — as independent professional activity under Article 89(1), with a services contract, company evidence or recent receipts, plus *início de atividade* with Tax and Social Security. But if all your clients are abroad and nothing about the work touches Portugal, you are describing the Digital Nomad Visa (D8).
Do I have to create jobs?
No. Solo activity is a normal form of this route. Job creation is evidence of a project's substance, not a condition.
How long is the permit valid?
2 years, renewable for successive 3-year periods — for both Article 89(1) and Article 89(4).
What does the visa cost?
€110, set by Portaria n.º 91/2025/1 and in force since 11 March 2025. gov.pt's D2 page still shows €90; it is out of date. AIMA's own permit charges are separate — around €247, or about €186 via the digital channel, on the table in force since 1 March 2026.
How long does the visa take?
The official decision period is 60 days. That is a service timeframe, not a promise. If your route runs through IAPMEI, add its 30 working days before the visa file even starts.
Can my family come with me?
Through family reunification, yes — but D2 holders are not exempt from the two-year waiting period. The exemption list (Article 98.º/3(c)) covers only Article 90.º, 90.º-A and 121.º-A holders. Plan for the wait, or reconsider the route.
Does time on a D2 count toward permanent residence and citizenship?
Yes, as legal residence. Permanent residence is still at 5 years — the 2025-2026 reforms did not change Article 80.º. Citizenship is now 7 years for nationals of Portuguese-language countries and EU citizens, and 10 years for everyone else (Lei Orgânica n.º 1/2026, in force 19 May 2026). Those are two different clocks; do not merge them. See Becoming a Portuguese Citizen.
Does my criminal record certificate need an apostille and a translation?
Not necessarily. An EU-issued document needs no apostille or legalisation. A document in English, French or Spanish needs no translation. Outside those, apostille (Hague) or consular legalisation, plus a certified translation.
How recent must the criminal record be?
No official validity window is published — not by AIMA, not by the Ministry. The ~90 days quoted everywhere is consular practice. Get one issued within about three months and you are aligned with what posts actually ask.
Do I need a Portuguese lease registered with Finanças?
Not for AIMA. Its list asks for a sworn declaration of address and the legal basis of occupation, plus a land-registry certificate (if you own) or a declaration from the landlord or hosting entity. No lease term appears anywhere in AIMA's list. Your consulate may ask for a lease at the visa stage — that is practice, not AIMA's rule.
Can I travel in Schengen while I wait?
A pending appointment or a receipt is not a travel document — AIMA says so in those words. Once you hold the permit, movement follows the Schengen Borders Code; we do not print a 90/180 promise for permit holders because no Portuguese official source states it in those terms.
Is a lawyer compulsory?
No. But this is the route where structure decisions — which article, which company form, which evidence — are hardest to unwind afterwards. For a refusal, a challenge or a deadline, that is a lawyer's job.
Before you submit: final checklist
- Article 89 limb chosen: independent professional activity (89(1)) or certified incubator (89(4)).
- If incubator: IAPMEI decision obtained; the incubator's certification confirmed currently valid.
- Declaration of investment written — nature, value, duration — and consistent with every other figure in the file.
- Evidence behind the declaration: investment made, or funds genuinely available in Portugal.
- Company evidence, services contract, or a written proposal of one. (You did not incorporate just because someone told you to.)
- Business plan written — specific, evidenced, unmistakably yours. Filed as best practice, not as a legal item.
- Means of subsistence evidenced against the current RMMG scale (€920 in 2026, 100% / 50% / 30%).
- If Startup Visa: bank balance computed as 12 × the current IAS (€6,445.56 in 2026), not the stale €5,146.80.
- Criminal record from the right country (nationality or >1 year residence), recent, apostilled/translated only if actually needed.
- Accommodation: sworn declaration of address and legal basis, plus registry certificate or landlord/hosting-entity declaration.
- Travel insurance covering urgent care and repatriation — no €30,000 fixation.
- NIF obtained; Portuguese bank account opened where your evidence depends on it.
- Consulate's own checklist downloaded and compared item by item.
- The €110 fee confirmed with the post before paying, given the stale €90 on gov.pt.
- Visa checked on issuance; AIMA appointment link opened and saved; originals packed.
Portugeasy checks your specific documents against the current AIMA requirements before your appointment and flags what would be rejected. On this route that matters more than most: the entrepreneur file stacks a declaration of investment, company or contract evidence, and every ordinary personal document on top of each other, and a single stale certificate or a mis-matched figure is enough to lose the appointment.
Sources
- AIMA — residence permit for independent professional activity and entrepreneurs
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs — national visas
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs — visa fees (emolumentos)
- Portaria n.º 91/2025/1 — the €110 national-visa fee (Diário da República PDF)
- IAPMEI — Startup Visa and certified incubators
- Portuguese immigration law — consolidated Lei n.º 23/2007
Changelog
- 13 Jul 2026 — Published as a live chapter. Rebuilt against primary sources. Corrected: the visa fee to €110 (Portaria n.º 91/2025/1; gov.pt's D2 page still prints the stale €90). Removed the invented "€5,000 minimum investment" — no such figure exists in law, at AIMA or at the Ministry. Re-labelled the business plan as Observed Practice, not an official requirement — it appears on no official list. Corrected the Startup Visa bank balance to the rule (12 × IAS, re-indexed annually) and the 2026 figure (€6,445.56), replacing the stale €5,146.80 still printed by Startup Portugal and IAPMEI. Added the full Article 89 chronology: 89(4) revoked 4 June 2024 (DL 37-A/2024) and re-enacted, narrower, by Lei n.º 61/2025 on 23 October 2025 with a certified-incubator condition; 89(2) revoked. Corrected the family position: D2 holders are not exempt from the two-year reunification wait. Removed the €30,000 health-insurance figure (a Schengen short-stay minimum) and the 12-month-registered-lease claim (not in AIMA's list). Flagged the unresolved question of whether the entrepreneur visa converts into an Article 89(4) permit. General information, not legal advice.